Translating Against COVID-19 in the Chinese Context: A Multi-agent, Multimedia and Multilingual Endeavor

In the COVID-19 crisis, multilingual and multimodal translation services, provided by both professional translators and volunteer communities, have greatly facilitated the communication between different parties. This chapter gives an overview of how diverse agents have engaged in this large-scale translation endeavor and draws attention to the importance of translation planning in crisis contexts. It not only discusses the operations of volunteer translators, highlighting their contribution in providing language assistance in crisis situations, but also analyzes the significant role played by government-sponsored institutions in mobilizing language professionals and organizing translation projects, such as Language Service Group Against COVID-19 and China International Publishing Group. Moreover, this chapter focuses on the relevance of translation to waixuan (often translated as international publicity) in this crisis situation and investigates how translation is strategically adopted by the government as a medium of communicating the Chinese experience of fighting COVID-19. After analyzing all these disparate efforts, it argues for the significance of translation in overcoming language barriers in crisis contexts and concludes with suggestions on how to enhance translation planning for health emergencies. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.

Best way to prevent firearm violence: Limit access to firearms

The increased publicity of mass shootings and the COVID-19 pandemic have fueled American demand for firearm purchases. Firearm violence has largely been blamed on people with mental illnesses instead of firearm accessibility, despite the lack of population-level evidence associating mental illness with firearm violence perpetration. We support interventions and policies to limit firearm access in homes, schools, and by all intimate partners who have been convicted of domestic abuse. We advocate for restrictions on the civilian purchases of semi-automatic rifles and large capacity magazines. Finally, we call for research addressing firearm violence as an environmental and structural issue, not an intrapersonal one.Key Take Away Points [list] [list] [list_item] Despite worsening mental health outcomes among American youth, there is little population-based evidence supporting an association between firearm violence perpetration and mental illness. [/list_item] [list_item] Firearm accessibility increases the risk for firearm violence and injuries. [/list_item] [list_item] Preventing school shootings requires both promotion of socio-emotional learning and restrictions of firearm sales from young civilians. [/list_item] [list_item] Provisions in the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act to regulate access to firearms is an initial step to reducing firearm violence. [/list_item] [list_item] Long-term reductions in firearm violence require structural approaches to improve social determinants of health. [/list_item] [/list]

Traveler There is No Path, the Path is Made by Negotiating: The Story of the Abraham Path, a Decade and a Half of Negotiations, and Lessons Learned

The Abraham Path Initiative (API) has substantially reduced its close-in support of path-building work on the ground. The paths in Palestine, Jordan, and Egypt are run, as they should be, by local partners. It was always part of the strategy to pull back once the Path was established and local communities were shepherding it. These trails have gained in popularity thanks to a newfound tourism industry centered around walking and hiking as well as to a great deal of publicity related to the Path. While in the early years. International travelers predominated in using the Path, many local hiking groups later emerged and were very active along different parts of the Path prior to the Covid pandemic. What were the keys to progress toward that UTA? They can be summed up by seeing the Path through the prism of a very long-term negotiation campaign. Within that campaign, two steps were particularly essential--first, carefully thinking about negotiation sequencing at the outset and revisiting it frequently as the Path developed, and second, taking an iterative approach that harnessed people's learnings and forced them to constantly adapt to the situation that presented itself.

CSR crises from the consumers' perspective: a multidimensional typology and future research agenda

Purpose>The purpose of this paper is to develop a multidimensional corporate social responsibility (CSR) crisis typology from the consumers' perspective and to provide an agenda for future research.Design/methodology/approach>Basic content-related dimensions for characterizing CSR crises from the consumers' perspective are derived from a review of relevant static crisis typologies. Different types of consumer responses to negative CSR information are derived from various theoretical approaches. Dynamic process models of corporate crises are reviewed to assign various types of consumer responses to different crisis phases. Linking both static and dynamic approaches leads to a comprehensive consumer-oriented typology of CSR crises that is illustrated with examples.Findings>A CSR crises typology is developed based on three consumer-related dimensions: the extent to which the company is attributed blame by consumers;the amount of perceived damage potential;and the perceived CSR relevance of the crisis situation. The combination of these dimensions results in eight different crisis types. For each of these crisis types, different forms of consumer responses are assigned that prevail in the so-called potential, latent and manifest crisis phase.Research limitations/implications>Future research could address the empirical review of the crisis typology presented, its refinement by considering various consumer and stakeholder segmentation approaches and the advanced dynamic analysis of CSR crises by including stakeholder characteristics that impact the diffusion of CSR-related negative publicity.Practical implications>The results of this paper support early crisis detection and effective crisis management by identifying relevant target variables for crisis communication.Originality/value>The typology developed enables a broad spectrum of CSR crises to be classified, including those that have been neglected in previous systematization approaches, such as CSR-related tensions, general sustainability crises and product-harm crises. Due to its theoretical foundation, this paper also contributes to a clearer demarcation of existing CSR crisis constructs.

Solutions and Challenges for Online Meetings of Electoral Bodies

In our presentation, we review the procedure and method of meeting the electoral bodies of different (mainly European) countries – in particular the issue of ensuring the publicity and extent to which they can operate online. In addition, we examine in more detail the practice and procedural method of the Hungarian electoral bodies, in particular the National Election Commission. Based on the above, we also outline the possibilities for the further development of Hungarian practice. Our main findings: it is clear that although online meetings of election commissions are still used only in several countries, but the COVID-19 epidemic has highlighted the need to open up to the online space not only in the election process but also in the practice of individual election bodies. The regulations of the Hungarian National Election Commission define the rules of online meetings in great detail. This makes Hungary one of the few EU countries where it is possible to meet by videoconference. In our opinion, this direction will become decisive in the EU countries in the coming years. Moreover, we do not consider it inconceivable that the entire electoral process (includ-ing remote voting) should be digitised, as is the case in Estonia. However, this still requires many steps to be taken by individual countries to increase voter confidence in digitisation. For now, however, we have to be satisfied with one of the positive benefits of the COVID-19 epidemic: the ability to online meetings of election commissions. © 2022 Authors.

Influence of mass media promoted agricultural programmes on arable crop production in Ezza North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria

In the past, much of extension worker's activities were done through face-to-face contacts - a tedious and time consuming approach. There is therefore, need to shift from this traditional method of reaching farmers to a more effective, faster and wider means to cover a wide spectrum of clientele. Hence, the study assessed the influence of mass media promoted agricultural programmes on arable crop production in Ezza North L.G.A of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in the selection of 120 respondents using structured questionnaire. Data collected using primary source were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that majority (72%) of the farmers were males with a mean age of 41 years, and a mean annual farm income of N380, 000. The major mass media available in the area were radio (98%) and television (92%). The most mass media promoted agricultural programmes in the area were One-Man-One hectare (97%), Covid-19 support loan (90%), and AGSMEIS loan (82%). With the coefficient of multiple determinations (R2) of 0.867, it was observed that mass media promoted agricultural programmes have significant influence on arable crop production in the study area. However, high cost of devices, inadequate capital, lack ICT skills, peer group influence, language barrier, cultural barrier, poor infrastructural development, policy inconsistency, time of programme broadcast, and limited coverage of media waves were identified as the major constraints in the use of mass media in enhancing arable crop production in the study area. The study recommended for improved agricultural extension services delivery to farmers on the effective utilization of mass media for agricultural production.

Msmes marketing strategies of Batik Malangan in the COVID19 pandemic

Economic activity must grow and develop faster than the growth in the number of people looking for work. One closely related element to economic growth is MSMEs, namely micro, small and medium enterprises. Indonesia's wealth assets that can be used as objects of batik tourism are also used as Indonesian cultural identity to the world. It is the reason that attracts researchers to make Batik Blimbing Malang SMEs the research object. Currently, the main task of Batik Blimbing Malang that must be carried out as a batik industry that is sufficiently developed to maintain the viability of its business in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic era, is one of them by designing appropriate promotional strategies to face market competition. Therefore, this study aims to explore the sales promotion strategy of SMEs by conducting a qualitative research approach. This study was conducted on Batik Blimbing Malang. The results showed that the strategy of Batik Blimbing Malang in maintaining its business continuity, among others, was to do several points, including: Advertising, Personal selling, Sales promotion, Public relations, Word of mouth, Customer relationship.

THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF JUSTICE IN CRIMINAL CASES

The article discusses the features of criminal justice in the context of a pandemic. The analysis of the foreign experience of the courts’ activities is carried out and the general patterns of the administration of justice in the conditions of restrictions caused by the spread of COVID-19 are determined. The directions of further introduction of information technologies in the post-crisis period to ensure the stable operation of courts and the safety of participants in criminal proceedings are substantiated. The problems of implementing the prin-ciples of immediacy and publicity in the conditions of remote consideration of criminal cases are revealed. The conclusion is made about the need to change the current criminal procedure legislation, bringing it into line with modern realities associated with the use of digital and information technologies in criminal proceedings. It is proved that remote examination is not possible in all criminal cases. © 2022.

Research on the impact mechanism of sports tourism consumption behavior under the background of the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control:empirical analysis of MOA-TAM integration model based on S-O-R framework

This study applied the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework as its theoretical basis;that S-O-R framework was combined with the mature MOA and TAM theories in the field of consumer behavior research. The object was to directly identify consumers and potential consumers in sports tourism toward establishing a model for the influence mechanism of consumption behavior related to sports tourism with respect to the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control. The study found that regarding the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control, consumers had a higher perception of sports tourism risks but lower behavior intentions for sports tourism consumption. Among the stimulating factors for consumers' behavior intention for sports tourism, this study obtained the following findings: consumers' motivation for sports tourism played a leading role;its total effect on sports tourism consumption intention was the greatest among all the variables. Sports tourism opportunities (i.e., policy support and service guarantees by governments and related enterprises) were key factors;consumers' sports tourism capabilities sustained a supporting role. Among the organizational factors, this study identified the following: perception of the usefulness and ease of use of sports tourism played a notable function;the perceived risk had a negative influence in restricting consumers who had experienced sports tourism. The positive effect of consumption intention was significantly higher among consumers without sports tourism experience;the negative effect of the perceived risk of sports tourism on consumption intention was significantly lower among such consumers. With respect to new economic developments in China related to the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control, it is necessary to formulate more appropriate and feasible sports tourism policies. It is also important to introduce essential reform measures to guide the key influencing factors related to consumers' sports tourism intentions. Efforts need to be made to enhance consumers' willingness to participate in sports tourism and related activities. In view of the above points, this study indicates appropriate measures and suggestions for promoting sports tourism consumption as well as the healthy, sustained, stable development of sports tourism. (1) Sports, tourism, and industry must thoroughly implement the spirit of the fifth plenary session of the 19 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC): they have to persist in improving the governance system of sports tourism and enhance the ability of such governance. (2) With respect to developing the National Sports Tourism Demonstration Zone, it is necessary to conduct multi-channel, wide coverage and undertake all-round social publicity activities. (3) It is necessary to rigorously innovate the supply of sports tourism products, continuously enhance sports tourism, and stimulate the consumption potential of that market.

Promoting older adults' physical activity and social well-being during COVID-19. (Special Issue: Leisure in the time of Covid-19.)

Staying healthy while following social distancing protocols is of great importance to older adults due to increased risk of serious complications from COVID-19. Mild to moderate physical activity improves immune system responses to viral respiratory infections. Additionally, social engagement has cumulative health protective benefits across the lifespan. At present, active and social recreation opportunities have been drastically reduced or disbanded due to group size limitations, stay-at-home orders, and reductions in services and facilities. As a result, community dwelling older adults are homebound and need alternative exercise and social opportunities to maintain their health during this time. Leisure professionals can promote physical activity and social well-being among older adults by increasing home-based opportunities, including offering additional online leisure services, opportunities for volunteerism, and social interactions.

The Role of Creative Publicity in Different Periods of the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: Taking the Creative Publicity of Chinese Poetry as an Example.

When humans are confronted with an epidemic situation or a continuous natural disaster, success depends largely on how critical information is conveyed to as many people as possible, how individuals' emotional experiences of the crisis are elicited, and how their behaviors are directed going forward. Efficient publicity is key to successful epidemic prevention and control. This study explores the role of creative publicity by comparing the influence of creative publicity and general publicity in different periods of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The effects of creative and general publicity differed across varying periods of the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, compared to general publicity, creative publicity had a significant impact on individuals' emotional arousal in the early period of the COVID-19 outbreak while it significantly promoted individuals' emotional arousal, behavioral regulation, and willingness to actively disseminate information in the middle period. In the stable period of the COVID-19 outbreak, creative publicity performed better than general publicity in regulating individuals' behavior. On the other hand, general publicity was more effective than creative publicity in regulating individuals' behavior and actively disseminating information about the epidemic in the early period of the COVID-19 outbreak. In conclusion, creative and general publicity had differing effects in different periods of the COVID-19 outbreak, which may relate to the characteristics of the publicity format and people's psychological conditions in different periods of the COVID-19 outbreak.